Shadow Enhancers as a Source of Evolutionary Novelty
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Shadow enhancers as a source of evolutionary novelty.
The dorsal-ventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo is controlled by Dorsal, a sequence-specific transcription factor that is related to mammalian NF-κB. Previous ChIP-chip assays predicted that as many as a third or even half of all Dorsal target genes contain multiple enhancers for the same or similar expression pattern. Here we show that some of these secondary enhancers, or “shadow enhan...
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Critical developmental control genes sometimes contain "shadow" enhancers that can be located in remote positions, including the introns of neighboring genes [1]. They nonetheless produce patterns of gene expression that are the same as or similar to those produced by more proximal primary enhancers. It was suggested that shadow enhancers help foster robustness in gene expression in response to...
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Embryogenesis is remarkably robust to segregating mutations and environmental variation; under a range of conditions, embryos of a given species develop into stereotypically patterned organisms. Such robustness is thought to be conferred, in part, through elements within regulatory networks that perform similar, redundant tasks. Redundant enhancers (or "shadow" enhancers), for example, can conf...
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The expression of many animal genes has been shown to be controlled by two--rather than one--enhancers with similar regulatory content. Such enhancer redundancy ensures robustness of gene expression under adverse environmental or genetic conditions.
متن کاملShadow enhancers enable Hunchback bifunctionality in the Drosophila embryo.
Hunchback (Hb) is a bifunctional transcription factor that activates and represses distinct enhancers. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that Hb can activate and repress the same enhancer. Computational models predicted that Hb bifunctionally regulates the even-skipped (eve) stripe 3+7 enhancer (eve3+7) in Drosophila blastoderm embryos. We measured and modeled eve expression at cellular resol...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 2008
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.1160631